MARCH 12 2013

Toyota aims to commercialize solid-state batteries around 2020 and lithium air batteries several years later, as successors to today's lithium ion batteries.

The solid-state batteries will be three or four times more powerful than lithium ion batteries, while lithium air will achieve a fivefold increase in output for the same weight.

Both technologies have advantages over the lithium ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries used in hybrid and electric vehicles. They are smaller, use fewer costly materials such as rare earths and have lower internal resistance.

Toyota unveiled a prototype of its all-solid-state battery in Japan in 2010. In solid-state batteries, engineers replace the liquid electrolyte used in lithium ion batteries with a solid one.

The positive electrode, negative electrode and solid electrolyte of the prototyped cell are made.

http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2013_03_01_archive.html

DECEMBER 2010

Toyota Motor Corp unveiled a prototype of its all-solid-state battery in Japan. It is a laminated cell measuring about 10 x 10cm.

Four sets of positive electrode layers, solid electrolyte layers and negative electrode layers are laminated, and the average voltage of the cell is 14.4V (3.6V x 4). Because Toyota exhibited the cell right after it was charged, it output a voltage of 16.26V (4.065V per layer).

The positive electrode, negative electrode and solid electrolyte of the prototyped cell are made by using lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2), graphite and sulfide, respectively.

Toyota is actively engaged in the development of all-solid-state batteries and lithium-air batteries as next-generation batteries. Especially, when an all-solid-state battery is in an ideal state, its lithium spreads faster than electrolyte, making it theoretically possible to realize a high output power.

Furthermore, all-solid-state batteries are safer than organic electrolytes, which burn at high temperatures. And because they do not contain a liquid material, their packages can be simple.

Toyota confirmed that the prototyped all-solid-state battery can be used at a temperature of 100°C. At this temperature, existing lithium-ion rechargeable batteries using electrolytes cannot be used because their electrolytes boil.

All-solid-state batteries have a problem that a material is produced in a chemical reaction between the boundary surfaces of positive electrodes and solid electrolyte, increasing resistance. To solve this problem, Toyota reduced the resistance of the boundary surfaces by 99% by coating the surfaces of positive electrode materials with ceramics with help from the National Institute of Materials Science

http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2010/12/toyota-announces-4-layer-all-solid.html

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